Base64 represents binary data using 64 printable characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, + and /), so it can travel safely through channels designed for text: JSON payloads, HTTP headers, email bodies, data URIs. Three bytes of input become four characters of output — about 33% overhead.
Base64 is not encryption and offers zero confidentiality: it is trivially reversible, which is exactly what this tool does. If you need secrecy, encrypt; if you just need binary-to-text transport, Base64 is the right tool.
The URL-safe variant (base64url, RFC 4648 §5) replaces + with -, / with _ and drops the padding = signs, so encoded values survive inside URLs and file names untouched. JWTs use base64url for all three of their segments.