Unix time counts the seconds elapsed since 1 January 1970, 00:00:00 UTC — the "epoch". It ignores leap seconds, which makes it a simple, timezone-free way for computers to store and compare instants. Most APIs, logs and databases use it under the hood.
Two flavours coexist: seconds (10 digits for current dates, used by most backends and JWT claims) and milliseconds (13 digits, used by JavaScript's Date.now() and Java). This tool detects the unit from the magnitude of the number automatically.
Watch out for the "year 2038 problem": 32-bit signed integers overflow on 19 January 2038. Modern 64-bit systems are unaffected, but legacy embedded systems and old database schemas may still store timestamps in 32 bits.